HP 2000 compatible Basic Interpreter
I wrote this Basic Interpreter mostly to try out a method of implementation in C++. Memory has been sacrificed for fast execution and quick developement. If I were to do it all again I would not implement the interactive command line editor which is not very useful.
I was originally only going to implement HP 2000 Minicomputer Basic but I found it so limited that I ended up making it a subset of a more expanded Basic language. It required a few months of work, on and off between 2000 and 2002, to get the interpreter to where it is now. When I got tired of working on it I stopped which was right in the middle of implementing file I/O statements.
I have only received a couple of emails about Basic in the years it has been available so I have no idea how much interest there might be in future development. If you have any comments, suggestions or questions feel free to contact me.
Basic is a Windows console application. It includes a very simple Help command.
Download BASIC v0.93 build 131 (2022-Jul-21) - Includes a sample graphics demo and Star Trek game
The name of the manual for the HP Basic version this is based on is "2000 Basic ReferenceManual 22687-90001. Nov 77"
and is available here: HP 2000 Timershare System Documentation.
More about the 2000 Timeshare System at the HP Computer Museum.
Groups.io: HP2000 Family - HP2000 HP2100 HP2x0 HP3000 historic family
The remainder of this page contains some of my implementation notes.
== Now Working ==Basic [<fileName>] // Omit file name to start editorEditor (Working)
GET
SAVE
LIST [<start#> [<end#>]]
DEL <start#> [<end#>]
RUN
SCR // scratch
LEN
BYE
<line#> // Deletes line #
<line#> ; // Enter blank line
<line#><statement>
PRINT
HELP
Statements (Working)
PRINT USING // With limitations
IMAGE
LINPUT [<"prompt">,]<stringVar> // "prompt" is an extension
INPUT [<"prompt">,]<varList> // "prompt" is an extension
MAT <numericArray> = (<numericExp>) // extension
MAT <numericArray> = ZER // same as MAT <array> = (0)
MAT <numericArray> = CON // same as MAT <array> = (1)
MAT <numericArray> = <numericArray>
MAT <stringArray> = (<stringExp>) // extension
MAT <stringArray> = <stringArray> // extension
CONVERT <stringExp> to <numeric>,[<line>]
CONVERT <numericExp> to <string>
DEF FN<name>([<parmList>]) = <numericExpression> // Multiple and String parms are extensions
DEF FN<name>$([<parmList>]) = <stringExpression> // String functions are an extension
READ <readList>
DATA <dataList>
RESTORE [<statementNumber>]
RESTORE <expression> OF <statementLabelList> [ELSE <label>] // Extension
IF END THEN // For DATA
ON END THEN // Extension. IF END is changed to ON END
OFF END // Extension. Turn off set ON END condition.
LET <numeric> = [<numeric=] <Numeric Expression>
LET <string> = [<string> =] <String Expression> // Multiple string assignment is an extension
LET <var>[,<var>] = <exp> [; [<assignment>]] // Multiple assignments converted to this
IF <expression> THEN <statementLabelList>
IF <expression> THEN <statement> // Extension
IF <expression> THEN // Extension
ELSE // Extension
ENDIF // Extension
GOTO <lineLabel>
GOTO <expression> OF <statementLabelList> [ELSE <label>] // Extension: ELSE
ON <expression> GOTO <statementLabelList> [ELSE <label>] // Extension
GOSUB <lineLabel>
GOSUB <expression> OF <statementLabelList> [ELSE <label>] // Extension: ELSE
ON <expression> GOSUB <statementLabelList> [ELSE <label>] // Extension
RETURN
FOR <numericVar> = <numericExp> TO <numericExp> [ STEP <numericExp> ]
NEXT <numericVar>
WHILE <exp> // Extension
NEXT // Extension
REPEAT // Extension
UNTIL <exp> // Extension
SELECT <exp>
CASE exp | <relational> <exp> | exp[,<expList>] | <exp> TO <exp>
CASE ELSE
ENDSELECT
STOP
END
REM
PRINT <print List> // needs some work
DIM array(<dim>), array(<dim>,<dim>,...<dim>) // More than two dimensions is an extension
DIM string$[<size>],string$[*] // Dynamic Length "*" - Extension
DIM string$(<dim>,...<dim>)[<size>] // String Arrays - Extension
COM // Common For Chain/Spawn
CHAIN <file>
SPAWN <file> // Spawn thread. Chain arguments. Extension
LIN()
SPA()
TAB()
Expressions, Numeric (Working)
NOT AND OR
XOR EQV IMP // Extensions
MIN MAX
< <= = >= > <<> #
+ -
* /
MOD DIV // Extensions
** ^
( )
ABS ATN COS EXP INT LOG SGN SIN SQR TAN RND
FIX // Extension
TIM // with extensions
TYP(0) // for Data
TID(0) // Thread ID
DEC(S$) // Convert decimal string to numeric
VER(0) // 0:Full; 1:Version; 2:Revision; 3:Build - Extension
LongVariableName // Long names are extensions
LongVariableName(<subscript>)
LongVariableName(<subscript>,<subscript>)
FnFunctionNames(<string and/or numeric argument list> )
Constants - Example: 26 10.525E5 0x1F
Expressions, String (Working)
< <= = >= > <> #
+ // Extension
UPS$ CHR$
LEN POS NUM
ASC // Extension - same as NUM
DEC$ // Extension - convert number to decimal string
// These never return more than the strings length (no padding)
LEFT$(Str$,length)
RIGHT$(Str$,length)
MID$(Str$,start[,length])
A$[<start>;<len>] // Substring extension from HP3000. Substrings must use []
A$(array)[<substring>] // String array extension. String arrays subscripts must use ().
// Numeric arrays may use [] but they will be changed to ().
LongVariableName$ // Long names are extensions
LongVariableName$(<substring>)
FnFunctionNames$(<string and/or numeric argument list>) // Extension
Literals - Example: "String" '34"String"'34'7
Other (Working) Extensions
Bad syntax lines are kept and preceeded with a '?'
Single and End-of-line comments with '!' or '//'
String arrays default to undefined.
Non-executing statements have zero performance penalty.
Notes:
Non-executing and compound statements not allowed after THEN. EG: DIM,DEF,FOR,NEXT,REPEAT etc.
Indented compound statement listing
Checks for loops spanning IF ELSE ENDIF blocks
Checks for loops tangled with other loops. EG: REPEAT..FOR..UNTIL..NEXT
Keeps case of variable names. Variables are not case sensitive.
Blank not required after line number.
Statement Labels:
Values are rounded when converted internally to integers.
Maximum statement number is 999999
== Not Completed ==All the file I/O remains:
FILES
ASSIGN
READ#
PRINT#
ADVANCE
UPDATE
LOCK
UNLOCK
ITM()
TYP() for files
IF END#
LINPUT#
CREATE
PURGE
EXTEND // Extension
Other Remaining HP Items:
ENTER
SYS(), BRK()
CTL()
MAT <array> = <array> * <array>
MAT <array> = <array> + <array>
MAT <array> = <array> - <array>
MAT <array> = (<expression>) * <array>
MAT <array> = TRN(<array>)
MAT <array> = INV(<array>)
MAT <array> = IDN
MAT PRINT
MAT READ
IF ERROR
SYSTEM